Science research » Elementary Science Fair Projects

Elementary Science Fair Projects

admin — Thu, 24 Dec 2009 03:09:07 +0000

I want to give you three ideas here for elementary science fair projects that can be easily done at home. And best of all you probably won’t have to buy any supplies for these projects since you likely will have them at your house already.

These project ideas are about the process of Diffusion. Don’t be afraid of that strange sounding name because the process of diffusion is really very easy to understand. It simply means that the atoms or molecules (The stuff that makes up everything) of a substance are constantly moving and in certain situations can mix in or diffuse with those around them.

1) The first idea for your elementary science fair project is to design an experiment that would show if things diffuse differently depending on how hot or cold they are. Will diffusion take place faster if the temperatures of the substances are higher? Will it go faster if the temperatures are lower?

2) The second idea is to test if molecules evaporating from a liquid will diffuse into the surrounding air and be dispersed or spread out through a small room in a period of time. Its easy to think of an experiment to test this idea.

3) The third idea is to demonstrate a type of diffusion called Osmosis that occurs in living cells. Osmosis is the movement of liquids and dissolved substances into and out of cells through a cell wall or membrane. We can easily show this movement from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration using plant cells. Osmosis is a very important principle in biology and a simple project can show you how it happens.

Do some research and learn about the scientific principle of diffusion and how it works. This will make it much easier to form an hypothesis (an idea you would like to prove) for a project and to create a simple experiment to test it. Also read some about the process of osmosis in plant cells and understand why and how the movement of substances across cell membranes occurs.

By: Doug Nicholson

Elementary Science Fair Projects – Growing Crystals

admin — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 06:31:55 +0000

In this elementary science fair project we are going to look at crystals and we are going to try and grow crystals. In nature we find crystals in all shapes and sizes. We get ones that are considered valuable, like diamonds, and others that are not considered so valuable. All crystals have their own quality and are beautiful. Crystals are easy to grow and are therefore a very suitable elementary science fair project.

The definition of a crystal according to the Oxford Dictionary:

A piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces. Chemistry: any solid consisting of a symmetrical, ordered, three-dimensional aggregation of atoms or molecules. A clear transparent mineral, especially quartz.

For our elementary science fair project we are going to grow crystals in a gelatin solution. Because heat is going to be used, this science experiment should be done under adult supervision.

What you will need for this experiment:

A 1-pint glass jar A ¼ cup of table sugar A ½ Cup of distilled water 0.25 ounce of unflavored gelatin A small saucepan Spoon

The method for this elementary science fair project:

First you have to pour the water into your saucepan. Now you sprinkle the gelatin over the water and allow it to soak for a few minutes. Place the saucepan on the stove and heat the water while you are stirring to dissolve the gelatin completely in the water. Continue stirring while you add the sugar. Continue until the sugar is completely dissolved in the water. After the solution (what is a solution?) has cooled down for about 5 minutes you have to pour it carefully into your jar. Now you have to leave the jar undisturbed for at least two weeks. Make daily observations and write them down carefully. It might even be a good idea to take photos of your elementary science fair project every day to use in your display. Remember a good display is almost as important as the experiment! Take note that more than one thing happens at a time with this experiment. What are the two things? Why is it happening?

If you did this elementary science fair project right, the gelatin in the water will cause the water to set. (Think jello!) The other thing that happens is that after a few days clear crystals form inside the gel and it appears to be suspended throughout the gel. Remember to take photos every day to show how the crystals grow bigger and bigger every day. You can also draw charts to show how the crystals are formed throughout the gel.

Now you also have to be able to explain why it happens:

As you heat the water, more of your solute (that what is dissolved in the water) will dissolve in the water (called your solvent) as would have when the water is cold. Now when the water starts to cool there is more sugar dissolved in the water than would normally have been dissolved in it. Now we get what is called a supersaturated solution.

Now, as the water evaporates your solution becomes even more supersaturated and it becomes unstable, now any disturbance will cause the microscopic molecules of the solute to stick together and form crystals. At first the crystals are too small to be seen but, as they grow they become bigger and visible as they form clumps throughout the gel. The reason for the gel in your elementary science fair project is to keep the crystals suspended and thus ensuring that many crystals form.

For an even better elementary science fair project you can do more than one experiment. Repeat the above but change some of the conditions. See what happens of the solution cools down slower by maybe placing your jar in a big thermos flask. You can also use a bottle with a narrow mouth instead of the jar and see if the slower evaporation of the water makes a difference. You can even make a solution with different kinds of sugar such as sucrose glucose and fructose and see what happens then. The possibilities are endless and this elementary science fair project can be as simple or as involved as you would like.

By: Magrietha Du Plessis

Elementary Science Fair Projects – Preventing Soil Erosion Elementary Science Fair Project

admin — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 03:35:43 +0000

In this elementary science fair project we are going to find out what can be done to prevent soil erosion. I think we all know that soil erosion is a very big problem all over the world.

Here are some of the Scary Facts:

Did you know that the worlds’ deserts grows by about 16 000square miles a year? In the US alone about 7 billion tones of very valuable topsoil is eroded by streams and rivers, as they carry the topsoil away. Did you know that about 75% of the rocks on earth are made up of small grains and particles that are pressed together under the weight of tons of water over very long periods? These rocks are called “sedimentary rocks.”

This is a really worrying situation, don’t you agree?

Well in this elementary science fair project we are going to be looking at one of the methods we can use to prevent this. We are going to do an elementary science fair project to find out whether planting grass or other plants in areas with a lot of erosion can help.

What you will need for this science experiment:

Some easy growing grass seeds Two rectangular cake pans 2 Tick books of the same size Enough soil to fill the pans A jug to pour the water with Water

What you have to do

First of all you have to fill one of your cake tins with the soil. Plant your grass seeds in this cake tin. Water this tin thoroughly with water. Place this tin in a sunny spot where the grass can grow well. Now you have to gently water your seeds and make sure that the soil in the pan is moist at all times without over watering. Wait for your grass to grow about 3 inches high. Fill up the other cake tin with soil. Water it just enough to be as moist as the tin with your grass in it. Now you have to place the one end of both your tins on your books to make them lie at an angle. Fill your jug with water and pour the water down the cake tin without the grass. Note what happens. Now you pour the water down the cake tin with the grass growing in it. Make a note of what happens. What is the difference? What is the reason for the difference?. write down your explanation.

What happens here is that in the pan without grass the some of the dirt is carried away with the water. This is what happens in nature in places where there is nothing to stem the flow of water. In the pan with the grass growing in it, the grass stems the flow of the water and less soil is carried away with the water. So, by planting indigenous grass and other indigenous plants in areas where soil erosion is a problem, the soil erosion can be slowed down.

By: Magrietha Du Plessis